ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare clinical outcomes of endoscopic thyroidectomy via mammary areola approach and conventional via chest wall and breasts approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 480 cases undergoing endoscopic thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules between September 2002 and September 2012 were reviewed, including 280 cases via the chest wall and breasts approach between September 2002 and August 2009 and 190 cases via mammary areola approach between September 2002 and September 2012. The mean operation time, the location and diameter of the puncture pore, intraoperative bleeding volume, the mean hospital stay after surgery, postoperative pain score scaled by visual analog scores (VAS) were compared between groups. After 3-month follow-up, long term post-surgical complications, the recurrence rates of nodules and scar cosmetic satisfaction evaluation were also compared. Statistical methods including χ(2) test, Students' test and ANOVA analysis were applied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two groups were followed for 12 months. The differences between groups were statistically obvious in variables of diameters of the puncture pore (15.5 mm ± 4.9 mm vs. 20.6 mm ± 7.6 mm, t = 2.42, P = 0.046) , intraoperative bleeding volume (16.2 ml ± 4.5 ml vs. 30.5 ml ± 11.4 ml, t = 2.53, P = 0.032) , pain score on the first day after operation (1.5 ± 0.4) and (1.0 ± 0.2), (t = 4.68, P = 0.020) , scar cosmetic satisfaction evaluation 3 months after operation (χ(2) = 6.20, P < 0.05) , chest wall numbness (0 vs. 72.4%,χ(2) = 380, P = 0.000) . But there were no significant differences in the mean operation time, the mean hospital stay after surgery, and the recurrence rates of nodules between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Minimally invasive endoscopic thyroidectomy via mammary areola approach is a safe and effective method for the surgery of thyroid nodules with good aesthetic outcome.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Endoscopy , Thyroid Neoplasms , General Surgery , Thyroidectomy , Methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To observe the changes of water, potassium and sodium in the hypoxic cerebral tissues in mice and the effects of progesterone on the tissues and investigate the neuroprotective role of progesterone (PROG)in the cerebral anoxia. Methods Thirty - two male mice were divided into control group, simple hypoxia group, lower dosage group and higher dosage group. Progesterone was injected intraperitoneally in the dosage of 4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg respectively 30 min before hypoxia in the last two groups. The contents of water, potassium and sodium in brain tissues in mice were evaluated at 24 hours after cerebral anoxia. Results The water, potassium and sodium contents in simple hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05)in higher dosage group(8 mg/kg PROG)compared with those of simple hypoxia group. Conclusions At 24 hours after cerebral anoxia, there are significant increases of water, potassium and sodium in brain tissues. Progesterone may pro-duce neuroprotective role by inbibiting the rise of them.